For several years now, electric vehicles (EVs) have been expected to become widely available in\nthe micro-mobility field. However, the insufficiency of such vehicles� battery-charging and discharging\nperformance has limited their practical use. A hybrid energy storage system, which\ncomprises a capacitor and battery, is a promising solution to this problem; however, to apply\nmodel-based designs, which are indispensable to embedded systems, such as the electronic control\nunits used in EVs, a simple and accurate capacitor model is required. Within this framework, a\nlithium-ion capacitor (LIC) model is proposed, and its charging and discharging performances are\nevaluated against an actual LIC. The model corresponds accurately to the actual LIC, and the results\nindicate that the proposed LIC model will work well when used with Model-Based Design\n(MBD).
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